How did Thompson v. North American Stainless define retaliation under Title VII?

Thompson v. North American Stainless is a landmark case that clarified the concept of retaliation under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The correct understanding is that the case established that retaliation protections extend not only to employees who file complaints themselves but also to those who are closely associated with an individual who does. This means that if a spouse or family member of an employee files a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) or participates in a related investigation, that employee is also protected from retaliation by their employer.

This broader interpretation underscores the commitment to preventing retaliation in the workplace, thereby encouraging individuals to come forward about discrimination without fear of adverse consequences affecting themselves or their associates. The court in Thompson emphasized that retaliation could deter individuals from participating in the Title VII process, which is contrary to the statute's goals.

In contrast, the other choices do not accurately reflect the ruling or protections afforded under Title VII as interpreted by this case. For instance, Title VII's protections are not limited to female employees or restricted to indirect retaliation only. Additionally, the law does not prevent lawsuits; instead, it allows for legal action in cases of discrimination and retaliation.