What characterizes a "class action" lawsuit?

A "class action" lawsuit is characterized by being filed on behalf of a group of individuals who share common claims or grievances against a defendant. This legal mechanism allows individuals with similar experiences or injuries to come together and pursue a case collectively, rather than each individual filing separate lawsuits. The goal is to promote efficiency in the legal process and ensure that individuals who may have suffered similar harm, but might not have the resources or inclination to sue on their own, have a voice and a means to seek justice.

This type of lawsuit is often seen in cases involving consumer rights, securities fraud, or employment discrimination, where a large number of people may have been affected by the same issue or unlawful action by a corporation or organization. By consolidating cases into a single class action, it can also help in addressing systemic issues more effectively.

In contrast, the other options do not capture the essence of a class action. A lawsuit involving multiple defendants would not necessarily represent a group of plaintiffs with common claims. A criminal case involving severe penalties is distinct from civil class actions, which are focused on claims for damages rather than punishment. A private dispute with no public involvement contrasts with the public nature of class actions, which often aim to rectify widespread issues impacting many individuals, thereby serving