What does the legal term "discovery" refer to?

"Discovery" is a crucial phase in the litigation process that refers to the pre-trial procedure where parties in a legal dispute gather information from each other to prepare their cases for trial. This process involves the exchange of evidence and relevant information, which can include documents, depositions, interrogatories, and requests for admissions.

The purpose of discovery is to promote transparency and ensure that both parties have access to the same relevant information, which helps in forming a fair trial. This process allows lawyers to assess their cases, identify any potential weaknesses, and plan their legal strategies accordingly. The emphasis on gathering evidence and information not only helps in building a strong case but also facilitates settlement discussions, as parties may reach a resolution once they understand the strengths and weaknesses of each other's arguments.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of discovery. Post-trial reviews and public hearings do not fit within the premise of discovery, which is fundamentally about the pre-trial collection of pertinent information.