Which amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?

The Fourth Amendment is essential in protecting individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. It establishes the legal framework that requires law enforcement to have probable cause and, typically, a warrant issued by a judge to conduct searches of personal property or seize individuals or their belongings. This amendment reflects the framers' intent to safeguard citizens' privacy and security against arbitrary actions, ensuring that any intrusion by the state into personal affairs is justified and legally sanctioned.

In contrast, the First Amendment addresses freedoms of speech, religion, and assembly; the Second Amendment concerns the right to bear arms; and the Fifth Amendment deals with rights related to legal proceedings, such as protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy. Therefore, the Fourth Amendment is the correct answer, as it specifically focuses on the protection against unreasonable government intrusion.